Photo/Illutration Keiichi Ishii, secretary general of the ruling coalition partner Komeito party, enters the prime minister's office after the meeting with his Liberal Democratic Party counterpart Toshimitsu Motegi on April 21. (The Asahi Shimbun)

Japan's ruling coalition on Thursday agreed a supplementary budget to support lower-income households and small firms, signalling more spending for the heavily indebted nation as it battles inflationary pressures for the first time in decades.

In a first phase, Prime Minister Fumio Kishida's Liberal Democratic Party-led (LDP) government aims to set out on Tuesday relief measures worth 1.5 trillion yen ($11.7 billion).

They will include one-off 50,000 yen cash payouts to low-income households with children and expanding subsidies to fuel wholesalers, a preliminary document seen by Reuters showed.

The governing coalition, which faces upper house elections pencilled in for July 10 as the economy flags and voters struggle to cope with soaring energy costs, also aims to ensure stable supplies of oil and basic foods, according to the draft.

News of the extra budget - whose total value Keiichi Ishii, secretary general of the LDP's smaller ally, the Komeito party, estimated at 2.7 trillion yen ($21 billion) - was unexpected.

Part of it will be used for emergency measures and the rest set aside to offset the impact of surging costs of fuel and other products. More than 1 trillion yen will be earmarked for maintaining the current fuel subsidy scheme from June to September, the draft showed.

The package is expected to be submitted to parliament for approval in May. The current legislative session is scheduled to end in June. Komeito's Ishii said his party endorsed the timetable.

Toru Suehiro, senior economist at Daiwa Securities, said the LDP had probably been pressured by Komeito to draw up a supplementary budget rather than taking funds from the country's contingency reserve.

Suehiro said Thursday's news also reflected a preference for using fiscal tools to alleviate households' burdens rather than tweaking monetary policy or intervening in the currency market to prop up a yen that is trading at close to 20-year-lows against the dollar.

Covering the extra stimulus might involve additional bond issues, which would further enlarge the industrial world's heaviest public debt burden, which stands at more than twice annual economic output.

Japan entered a long period of close-to-zero inflation in the early 1990s that determined the way policymakers managed its economy for decades.

Driven by the war in Ukraine and already surging fuel costs, inflation pressures are now building. While core CPI remained low at just 0.6% year on year in February, energy costs rose 20.5% in that month while wholesale inflation reached 9.5% in March.

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